Political systems have members {citizen}. Other people {non-citizen} can live in same community but not be political-system members.
In monarchies, people {nobility} can have hereditary and/or life titles. In England, the king or queen, and princes and princesses, are royalty. Non-royal titles descend as duke/duchess, marquess/marquessa (marquis/marquise), earl/countess (count/countess), viscount/viscountess, and baron/baroness. Life peers can be only barons or baronesses. Honorary non-noble titles descend as baronet/baronetess, knight/dame, and esquire. A baronet's wife is a lady, a knight's wife is a dame, and an esquire's wife may be a lady. England has the Prince of Wales and the Dukes of York, Kent, Gloucester, Cornwall, and Edinburgh.
Groups {political party} can engage in seeking power.
Most organizations derive from ideas shared by members and can exist independently of other groups or society. Society groups {parasitic organization} can depend on other groups or whole society for money and influence. Parasitic organizations derive from wants or ideas of people in other groups.
examples
Drug traffickers, organized crime, religious and other cults, and terror organizations are parasites on society.
effects
They gain money and/or power from others' wrong, illegal, or immoral ideas. They pose dangers to society because they are outside society and because they increase wrong, illegal, or immoral ideas.
defenses
To counter parasitic organizations, society must remove demand for satisfying wrong, illegal, or immoral wants or ideas. Perhaps, alternative ideas or activities work. Perhaps, society can satisfy wrong, illegal, or immoral wants or ideas, because alternatives are worse. Retaliation and punishment typically make remaining parasitic-group members more aggressive and more group oriented.
People can be liberal {left wing}.
People can be conservative {right wing}.
People {militant} can belong to ideological groups or be political agitators.
People {moderate} can be pragmatic and reasonable negotiators.
People {radical, person} {extremist} can advocate swift and violent change.
Objective or traditional standards exist for living {conservatism}|. People cannot and should not freely choose their style and behavior.
Individuals, and their freedoms and purposes, can be more important than states {liberalism}| {liberal democracy}.
principles
No objective standards for living exist, except to allow others equal freedom. People can freely choose styles and behaviors. Human autonomy is itself worthy. Freedom leads to the most experimentation and so to truth, while restriction only leads to pain and conflict. Forcing people to live certain ways is against psychology and causes revolt, but freedom brings tolerance.
requirements
Liberalism requires ability to choose, education, freedom, available choices, diverse society, virtue, and fulfillment of duties based on sacrifice, not on social bonds.
effects
Liberalism can erode family and community. Liberalism can promote associations that are good for people, rather than only traditional.
history
Liberalism began when state separated from church and allowed religious freedom and later other freedoms. As societies became more diverse, they removed controls from unregulatable things. Liberalism arose as capitalism, competition, markets, and individual consumers replaced community structures and their mutual obligations, caste systems, totalitarianism, and religious values.
People can want to return to previous ideals and practices {fundamentalism, politics}. Fundamentalism can be reaction to complexity and control loss. Revulsion over immorality, excess, and overbearingness can cause it. Need to maintain tradition to preserve personal, group, or national identity can cause it. Believing that people are bad and need controls can cause it. It can be a way to endure poverty.
Violent fundamentalism is not the same as fundamentalism. Violence is about power, insults to dignity, and desecration.
National identity can be the highest political and moral good {chauvinism, feeling}|, so nation has no limits relative to other nations.
Political-system members can feel national pride, and loyalty to nation {nationalism} {patriotism}|. Citizens defend and uphold nation. Perhaps, national character, built from shared language, religion, culture, and history, exists. Nationalism puts nation as highest good or object.
Communication networks and trade networks contribute to patriotism. Patriotism increases during wars over boundaries or in defense. Stronger central government favors patriotism. Educational system, one language, and one culture tend to increase patriotism.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225